Exercise training prevents skeletal muscle damage in an experimental sepsis model.

OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress plays an important role in skeletal muscle damage in sepsis. Aerobic exercise can decrease oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant defenses. Therefore, it was hypothesized that aerobic exercise training before a sepsis stimulus could attenuate skeletal muscle damage by modulating oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic physical preconditioning on the different mechanisms that are involved in sepsis-induced myopathy. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either the untrained or trained group. The exercise training protocol consisted of an eight-week treadmill program. After the training protocol, the animals from both groups were randomly assigned to either a sham group or a cecal ligation and perforation surgery group. Thus, the groups were as follows: sham, cecal ligation and perforation, sham trained, and cecal ligation and perforation trained. Five days after surgery, the animals were euthanized and their soleus and plantaris muscles were harvested. Fiber cross-sectional area, creatine kinase, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, carbonyl, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were measured. RESULTS: The fiber cross-sectional area was smaller, and the creatine kinase, thiobarbituric acid reactive species and carbonyl levels were higher in both muscles in the cecal ligation and perforation group than in the sham and cecal ligation and perforation trained groups. The muscle superoxide dismutase activity was higher in the cecal ligation and perforation trained group than in the sham and cecal ligation and perforation groups. The muscle catalase activity was lower in the cecal ligation and perforation group than in the sham group. CONCLUSION: In summary, aerobic physical preconditioning prevents atrophy, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and improves superoxide dismutase activity in the skeletal muscles of septic rats.

Exercise training prevents skeletal muscle damage in an experimental sepsis model

OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress plays an important role in skeletal muscle damage in sepsis. Aerobic exercise can decrease oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant defenses. Therefore, it was hypothesized that aerobic exercise training before a sepsis stimulus could attenuate skeletal muscle damage by modulating oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic physical preconditioning on the different mechanisms that are involved in sepsis-induced myopathy. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either the untrained or trained group. The exercise training protocol consisted of an eight-week treadmill program. After the training protocol, the animals from both groups were randomly assigned to either a sham group or a cecal ligation and perforation surgery group. Thus, the groups were as follows: sham, cecal ligation and perforation, sham trained, and cecal ligation and perforation trained. Five days after surgery, the animals were euthanized and their soleus and plantaris muscles were harvested. Fiber cross-sectional area, creatine kinase, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, carbonyl, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were measured. RESULTS: The fiber cross-sectional area was smaller, and the creatine kinase, thiobarbituric acid reactive species and carbonyl levels were higher in both muscles in the cecal ligation and perforation group than in the sham and cecal ligation and perforation trained groups. The muscle superoxide dismutase activity was higher in the cecal ligation and perforation trained group than in the sham and cecal ligation and perforation groups. The muscle catalase activity was lower in the cecal ligation and perforation group than in the sham group. CONCLUSION: In summary, aerobic physical preconditioning prevents atrophy, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and improves superoxide dismutase activity in the skeletal muscles of septic rats.

Influência da ordem de execução de exercícios resistidos na hipotensão pós-exercício em idosos hipertensos / Influence of resistance exercises order performance on post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive elderly

Existem evidências de que exercícios resistidos contribuem para o controle de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, porém, são necessários estudos que indiquem a melhor forma de utilizá-los. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência da ordem de execução de exercícios resistidos na hipotensão pós-exercício em idosos com hipertensão arterial bem controlada. A amostra foi composta por oito idosos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica bem controlada (quatro homens e quatro mulheres). No protocolo 1 (P1) foram realizados inicialmente três exercícios para membros superiores e, posteriormente, três exercícios para membros inferiores. No protocolo 2 (P2) a sequência foi inversa. Já no protocolo 3 (P3) os exercícios foram realizados de forma alternada. Todos os exercícios foram realizados em três séries de 12 RM. Após cada protocolo a pressão arterial (PA) foi verificada em intervalos de 10 minutos, até 60 minutos pós-exercício. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através da ANOVA de fator duplo e fator único com post-hoc de Tukey e teste t de Student pareado com distribuição bicaudal (p < 0,05). Em relação ao repouso, as seis verificações de PA pós-exercício de P1 não apresentaram diferenças significativas; no P2 foram significantemente diferentes apenas as verificações de 20 e 40 minutos na PAS; no P3 foram observadas diferenças significativas em todas as seis verificações da PAS e nas de 10, 20, 30 e 60 minutos da PAD. A verificação de 20 minutos na PAD do P3 demonstrou-se significantemente diferente das de 20 minutos de P1 e P2. Conclui-se que a ordem de realização de exercícios resistidos em idosos com hipertensão arterial bem controlada influenciou na duração da resposta hipotensiva, mas não diretamente em sua magnitude.

There is evidence that resistance training can help to control hypertension, although further studies are needed to show the best way to perform it. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the resistance exercises order performance in post-exercise hypotension in elderly with controlled hypertension. The study sample consisted of eight elderly with controlled hypertension (four men and four women). In exercise protocol 1 (P1), they performed three upper limb exercises and then three lower limb exercises. In exercise protocol 2 (P2) the sequence was reversed. In exercise protocol 3 (P3) the subjects performed the same exercises in an alternate way. All exercises were performed in three sets of 12RM. Blood pressure (BP) was measured after each protocol at every 10 min until 60 min post-exercise. The data obtained were assessed using two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey and paired Student's t test (p<0.05). Concerning rest values, P1 did not show statistically significance in any moment; however, in P2 at 20 and 40 min Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) values were statistically significant. Moreover, P3 showed differences in all SBP moments and also in the 10, 20, 30 and 60 min of Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP). When all the moments in the three protocols were compared just in the 20 min moment, P3 showed statistically difference compared with P1 and P2. It was concluded that the performed order of resistance exercises in elderly with controlled hypertension has influenced on the duration, but not directly on its magnitude.

Análise da resistência aeróbia e da capacidade metabólica de atletas do futebol soçaite do 62º Batalhão de Infantaria de Joinville / Un análisis de la resistencia aerobia y la capacidad metabólica de practicantes de fútbol de salón del 6º Batallón de Infantería de Joinville / An analysis of aerobic resistance and metabolic capacity of indoor soccer players from 62th Battalion of Joinville Infantry

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a resistência aeróbia e a capacidade metabólica de atletas do futebol soçaite do 62º batalhão de infantaria de Joinville visando à prescrição do treinamento. A amostra foi composta por 12 atletas, idade 30,4 mais ou menos 4,9 anos, peso 71,8 mais ou menos 7,1kg e altura 170,1 mais ou menos 0,1cm. Após pré-avaliações realizadas no Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício (LAFIEX), foi realizado o teste de esforço em esteira (Bruce), finalizado no momento que o atleta atingiu seu estado máximo de exaustão. O lactato sanguíneo (LS), foi mensurado através da coleta de sangue no lóbulo da orelha (lactímetro 1500 YSI SPORT) ao término de cada estágio e após três e cinco minutos de recuperação. A freqüência cardíaca (FC) foi medida a cada minuto do teste e após três e cinco minutos de recuperação (freqüêncímetros - Polar). Os resultados indicaram que o limiar anaeróbico da maioria da amostra foi atingido em torno do 4° estágio do protocolo (4,86 mais ou menos 2,3 mMol/l) a uma FC média de 156 mais ou menos 20,9 bpm. Na fase de recuperação, os resultados do LS e FC nos minutos 3 e 5 foram respectivamente: 11,04 mais ou menos 2,3 mMol/l e 122 mais ou menos 14,6 bpm; e 10,44 mais ou menos 2,0 mMol/l e 118 mais ou menos 15,7 bpm. Na análise dos dados observa-se que apenas 41,7 por cento terminaram o 8º estágio, indicando que para os objetivos da modalidade é necessário um treinamento individualizado utilizando como referência os resultados deste pré-teste. Conclui-se que os atletas obtiveram um resultado acima do esperado para a fase em que se encontram estando aptos aos treinamentos físicos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Resistência física. Limiar anaeróbio. Tolerância ao exercício.

Physiological responses using 2 high-speed resistance training protocols.

This study compared physiological responses to 2 high-speed resistance training (RT) protocols in untrained adults. Both RT protocols included 12 repetitions for the same 6 exercises, only differing in continuous (1 x 12) or discontinuous (2 x 6) mode. For discontinuous mode, there was a 15-second rest interval between sets. We hypothesized that the 2 x 6 protocol was less physiologically demanding than the 1 x 12 protocol. Fifteen untrained adults randomly performed the protocols on 2 different days while heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BL), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and concentric phase mean power (CPMP) were measured. Significantly lower values (mean +/- SE) were seen with the discontinuous protocol for exercise HR (119 +/- 5 vs. 124 +/- 5 b x min(-1)), BL (5.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.7 +/- 0.3 mMol/L), and RPE (5.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.8 +/- 0.4) (p < 0.05). CPMP tended to be higher in the discontinuous protocol, especially for the 2 last repetitions. The discontinuous protocol was significantly less physiologically demanding, although similar or higher CPMP values were obtained. These findings may help foster long-term adherence to RT in untrained individuals. However, future studies are needed to compare physiological adaptations induced by these 2 RT protocols.

Relação entre aumento da flexibilidade e facilitações na execução de ações cotidianas em adultos participantes de programa de exercício supervisionado / Relationship between increase in flexibility and improvement in the execution of daily actions by adults participating in supervised exercise program

Este estudo objetivou relacionar ganhos de flexibilidade decorrentes da participação em programade exercício supervisionado (PES) com eventuais facilitações na execução de ações cotidianas em adultos. Vinte indivíduos, a maioria coronariopatas, com idade de 58 ± 9 anos, que estavam freqüentando um PES, foram selecionados intencionalmente. Para a avaliação da flexibilidade utilizou-se o Flexiteste. Em adendo, os indivíduos responderam um questionário com 11 perguntas para avaliar subjetivamente,a facilidade e/ou dificuldade de realizar ações cotidianas, no início do PES e no momento em que estavam respondendo o questionário. Após o PES, houve ganhos na facilidade de execução das 11 ações, na flexibilidade global passiva e em seis movimentos individuais do Flexiteste (p<0,05). Há correlação significativa entre as diferenças das respostas ao questionário e as variações na flexibilidade global (r=0,45;p<0,04). Existe relação inversa entre as variações de peso e de flexibilidade (r=-0,66; p<0,05). Concluiu-se que a facilitação na realização de ações cotidianas, após um período de PES, está associada a uma melhoria da flexibilidade global. Aumentos na flexibilidade global estão associados com uma redução de peso corporal. Estes resultados podem possuir implicações para a individualização do treinamento da flexibilidade, em um programa de exercício voltado à promoção da saúde...

The aim of this study was to relate flexibility improvements from supervised exercise program(SEP) attendance, to eventual improvements in the execution of daily actions by adults. The sampleconsisted by 20 subjects, the majority of cardiac patients with an average age of 58 + 9 years, actively participating in SEP, were intentionally selected. The Flexitest, was used to determine the flexibility. In addition, the subjects answered an 11-question questionnaire, aiming to assess the relative difficulty indaily actions. The questionnaire assessed the subject opinion on their improvements for daily actionssince beginning of the SEP, that was completed between three and 18 months after beginning the program.After the SEP, improvements were observed in the execution of 11 daily actions, global flexibility, and sixindividual movements of the Flexitest (p<.05). There is a correlation between questionnaire answered differences and global flexibility changes (r=.45; p<.04). There is a inverse relationship between body weight and flexibility changes in the group as a whole (r=-.66; p<.05). It was concluded that the easiness of execution of daily actions after a period of SEP is related with improvements in global flexibility.Improvements in global flexibility are also related to reduction in body weight. These results may have implications for the flexibility training individualization, in the context of a health-oriented exercise program...